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Diabetes (Diabetes mellitus) is a group of diseases that negatively affect the body’s ability to produce or respond to the hormone insulin. This results in elevated levels of glucose in the blood because the body cannot metabolize carbohydrates correctly. Over 380 million people are affected by this disease worldwide and the World Health Organization has predicted in 1999 that diabetes will become the seventh cause of death worldwide by 2030. There are three types of diabetes: Type 1, Type 2 and Gestational. In this paper, we will discuss the causes of this disease and potential cures.
Type 1 diabetes means that the immune system is compromised and the cells fail to produce insulin in sufficient amounts. There are no eloquent studies that prove the causes of type 1 diabetes and there are currently no known methods of prevention.
Type 2 diabetes means that the cells produce a low quantity of insulin or the body can’t use the insulin correctly. This is the most common type of diabetes, thus affecting 90% of persons diagnosed with diabetes. It is caused by both genetic factors and the manner of living.
Gestational diabetes appears in pregnant women who suddenly develop high blood sugar. In two thirds of the cases, it will reappear during subsequent pregnancies. There is a great chance that type 1 or type 2 diabetes will occur after a pregnancy affected by gestational diabetes.
Genetic factors are the main cause of diabetes. It is caused by at least two mutant genes in the chromosome 6, the chromosome that affects the response of the body to various antigens.
Viral infection may also influence the occurrence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Studies have shown that infection with viruses such as rubella, Coxsackievirus, mumps, hepatitis B virus, and cytomegalovirus increase the risk of developing diabetes.
Currently, there is no cure for type 1 and type 2 diabetes. However, studies and trials are being conducted, with Harvard and MIT reporting that they are close to finding a cure for type 1 diabetes. Researchers have discovers how to create huge quantities of insulin producing cells, which means that the insulin injection could soon be a thing of the past.
Research into stem cells is also ongoing, with relatively promising results. Also, researchers are working on methods to transplant islet cells from donors to diabetes patients. These cells produce insulin and detect blood sugar levels.
At the time of writing, medical personnel are able to prevent and control most complications associated with diabetes, even though a definitive cure is not yet available.
In conclusion, all forms of diabetes – type 1, type 2 and gestational – are very difficult to cure. Also, there are no known methods of prevention, as this disease is mainly caused by genetic factors. There are no known cures at the moment, but recent advancement in medicine enable doctors to prolong the life of patients diagnosed with diabetes and improve their quality of life. Promising results have been reported by various studies, but more resources should be invested into research that has the potential to uncover a cure.